Vertical restraints — are agreements between firms or individuals at different levels of the production and distribution process. Vertical restraints are to be distinguished from so called “horizontal restraints,” which are agreements between horizontal competitors.… … Wikipedia
vertical — ver‧ti‧cal [ˈvɜːtɪkl ǁ ˈvɜːr ] adjective 1. HUMAN RESOURCES a vertical organization, system etc is one in which decisions and rules are passed on to employees through several different levels of management: • Our team has abandoned the vertical… … Financial and business terms
vertical agreement — ver·ti·cal agreement / vər ti kəl / n: an agreement among economic competitors on different levels of production or distribution that affects competition compare horizontal agreement ◇ Unlike horizontal agreements, vertical agreements are not… … Law dictionary
vertical — Pertaining to a relationship between a buyer and a seller e.g., an agreement between a supplier and a retail dealer is called a vertical agreement. See also vertical integration @ vertical price fixing contract An illegal agreement to maintain… … Black's law dictionary
horizontal restraints of trade — A restraint of trade involving businesses at the same level of operation. A horizontal restraint is an agreement between competitors to refuse to deal with one or more persons, while a vertical restraint (vertical restraints of trade) involves… … Black's law dictionary
horizontal restraints of trade — A restraint of trade involving businesses at the same level of operation. A horizontal restraint is an agreement between competitors to refuse to deal with one or more persons, while a vertical restraint (vertical restraints of trade) involves… … Black's law dictionary
Resale price maintenance — (RPM) is the practice whereby a manufacturer and its distributors agree that the latter will sell the former s product at certain prices (resale price maintenance), at or above a price floor (minimum resale price maintenance) or at or below a… … Wikipedia
Rule of reason — The rule of reason is a doctrine developed by the United States Supreme Court in its interpretation of the Sherman Antitrust Act. The rule, stated and applied in the case of Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey v. United States , 221 U.S. 1 (1911), is… … Wikipedia
horizontal agreement — n: an agreement among economic competitors on the same level of production or distribution compare vertical agreement ◇ Horizontal agreements are generally considered illegal as violating antitrust laws. Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law.… … Law dictionary
Federal Trade Commission — Infobox Government agency agency name = Federal Trade Commission logo = logo width = logo caption = seal width = 150 px seal caption = Official seal formed = September 26, 1914 preceding1 = Bureau of Corporations jurisdiction = Federal government … Wikipedia
Exclusive dealing — refers to when a retailer or wholesaler is ‘tied’ to purchase from a supplier on the understanding that no other distributor will be appointed or receive supplies in a given area. When the sales outlets are owned by the supplier, exclusive… … Wikipedia
